{"id":1174,"date":"2025-10-28T03:46:04","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T03:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/?p=1174"},"modified":"2025-10-29T10:50:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T10:50:03","slug":"quick-lesson-3-key-study-freeman-et-al-2003","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/28\/quick-lesson-3-key-study-freeman-et-al-2003\/","title":{"rendered":"Quick Lesson # 3 – Key Study : Freeman et al. (2003)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Please note – This lesson is best viewed in desktop mode – click the three dots on your browser and tick ‘desktop mode’ if viewing on a small screen device<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AO1 (Description)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Background<\/strong><\/td>– VR used to study reactions in controlled environments.
– Avatars can trigger anxiety; can they trigger paranoia?
– Aim to understand factors behind persecutory ideation.<\/td><\/tr>
Aims<\/strong><\/td>– To investigate if non-clinical people have persecutory thoughts about VR characters.
– To investigate if anxiety\/interpersonal sensitivity predicts these thoughts<\/td><\/tr>
Methodology<\/strong><\/td>– Pilot study, experiment.
– VR library setting with 5 neutral avatars.
– Questionnaires (for correlation): BSI, Paranoia Scale, VR-Paranoia, State Anxiety, Presence<\/td><\/tr>
Participants<\/strong><\/td>– 24 non-clinical adults (students\/staff).
– 12 male, 12 female.
– Recruited from University College London.<\/td><\/tr>
Procedure<\/strong><\/td>– Trained on VR equipment.
– Entered neutral VR library for 5 mins.
– Half completed questionnaires before & after; half only after.
– All answered VR-Paranoia questionnaire after exposure to VR.
– Semi-structured interview after.<\/td><\/tr>
Results<\/strong><\/td>– Some had persecutory thoughts despite neutral avatars.
– VR-Persecution linked to interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety.
– No increase in anxiety after VR.
– Positive views more common than negative.<\/td><\/tr>
Conclusion<\/strong><\/td>– VR can trigger persecutory thoughts in neutral settings.
– Interpersonal sensitivity is a key predictor.
– VR useful for studying delusions; could be used in therapy.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

AO3 (Evaluation)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Individual and Situational Explanations<\/strong><\/td>Point:<\/strong> Strength is it uses an interactionist explanation.
Evidence:<\/strong> People with high interpersonal sensitivity (individual) had more paranoid thoughts in the neutral VR library (situation).
Explanation:<\/strong> Shows paranoia isn’t just from the situation or the person alone, but both.
Link:<\/strong> Increases validity as it reflects real-world complexity.
Counterpoint:<\/strong> However, it didn’t strongly manipulate the situation to test its power.<\/td><\/tr>
Idiographic vs. Nomothetic<\/strong><\/td>Point:<\/strong> Weakness is it’s mostly nomothetic.
Evidence:<\/strong> Used questionnaires (BSI) to find general patterns in the group of 24.
Explanation:<\/strong> Focused on general laws e.g., interpresonalsensitivity leads to paranoia, over unique experiences.
Link:<\/strong> May lower validity of data for each person.
Counterpoint:<\/strong> However, the interview comments added some idiographic detail.<\/td><\/tr>
Generalisability from Findings<\/strong><\/td>Point:<\/strong> Weakness is limited generalisability.
Evidence:<\/strong> Sample was only from a university (students\/staff).
Explanation:<\/strong> Not representative of the general public in age or education.
Link:<\/strong> Low population validity.
Counterpoint:<\/strong> However, the sample was suitable for this first-time pilot study.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

search terms \u2013 9990 psychology, 9990 a levels psychology, clinical psychology, cie psychology, as and a levels , schizophrenia, key study, freeman et al., icd-11 criteria of schizophrenia, ao1, ao3, evaluation, strengths and weaknesses, issues and debates, essays, 10-markers, 6-markers, revision, past paper solutions, 9990 2024-26 new syllabus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AO1 and AO3 covered for quick revision, without any compromise on details, for the first A2 clinical psychology topic, “Key Study : Freeman et al. (2003)”. Prepare for paper 3 and paper 4 using this content.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[35,10,25,9,34,15],"class_list":["post-1174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2-clinical-psychology","tag-evaluation","tag-issues-and-debates","tag-paper-3","tag-schizophrenia","tag-strengths-and-weaknesses","tag-study-evaluation"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1174"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1294,"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174\/revisions\/1294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciealevels.excellingpsychology.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}