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A2 - Clinical Psychology

Quick Lesson # 1 – Diagnostic Criteria (ICD-11) of Schizophrenia

Please note – This lesson is best viewed in desktop mode – click the three dots on your browser and tick ‘desktop mode’ if viewing on a small screen device

AO1 (Description)

DurationSymptoms must last for at least one month.
Positive SymptomsAdded experiences, like hearing voices or having strange beliefs e.g. hallucinations and delusions.
Negative SymptomsA loss of normal functions, like reduced motivation or emotion e.g. avolition and asociality.
HallucinationsHearing, seeing, or sensing things that aren’t real (e.g., hearing critical voices).
DelusionsFixed false beliefs (e.g., grandiosity – “I’m a king”, or persecution – “I’m being spied on”).
AvolitionA severe lack of motivation or drive to do anything.
AsocialityA severe lack of interest in being with other people.

AO3 (Evaluation)

Individual and Situational ExplanationsPoint: A strength is its clear individual focus.
Evidence: It diagnoses based on personal symptoms like avolition.
Explanation: Directly lends to individual treatments like medication.
Link: This improves application to everyday life.
Counterpoint: However, it ignores critical situational factors like higher rates in urban poverty
Idiographic vs NomotheticPoint: A strength is its standardised nomothetic approach.
Evidence: It uses set symptom checklists for all patients.
Explanation: This ensures consistent and fair assessment.
Link: High reliability.
Counterpoint: However, it overlooks the patient’s unique experience of symptoms e.g. delusion types not specified on the ICD-11.
GeneralisationsPoint: A weakness is poor cross-cultural generalisability.
Evidence: e.g. Hearing voices may be a symptom or a spiritual experience.
Explanation: This can lead to misdiagnosis in different cultures.
Link: This reduces validity.
Counterpoint: However, the ICD-11 does recommend considering cultural context.

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A2 - Clinical Psychology

Model Answers Essay Pack for Mood Disorders – Paper 3 Section A : Clinical Psychology

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AS - Exam Practice

Model Answers Essay Pack for The Social Approach – Paper 1 : 8- and 10-Markers

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Model Answers Essay Pack for The Learning Approach – Paper 1 : 8- and 10-Markers

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AS - Exam Practice

Model Answers Essay Pack for The Cognitive Approach – Paper 1 : 8- and 10-Markers

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Model Answers Essay Pack for The Biological Approach – Paper 1 : 8- and 10-Markers

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A2 - Consumer Psychology

Model Answers Essay Pack for Physical Environment – Paper 3 Section B : Consumer Psychology

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A2 - Clinical Psychology

Model Answers Essay Pack for Schizophrenia – Paper 3 Section A : Clinical Psychology

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A-Level Psychology Skills

Using the GRAVE Analysis to Evaluate Studies

Learn how to perform a GRAVE analysis on any psychology study to develop your critical thinking and answer your AO3 questions easily!

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Performing a GRAVE Analysis to evaluate Psychology Studies
Using the GRAVE Analysis to Evaluate Psychological Research Studies – A-level Psychology Skills by Jyotika VarmaniDownload

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AS - Exam Practice

Model Answer for Paper 2 – Design a Longitudinal Study

Here’s a model answer for you to design your paper 2 longitudinal study. Download it free of cost in PDF format by clicking below-

Designing a Longitudinal Study for Paper 2 – Model Answer – by Jyotika VarmaniDownload

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